Vowels and consonants 12/28/2010; june 2017; czlanghp
Pure vowels	a, á, e, é, i and y, í and ý, o, ó, u, ú, ů
Hard consonants:	i and í never occur after h, ch, k, g, or r and never after t, d, n if they have the sound vowels [t], [d], [n]: these are the hard consonants, and are followed by the hard y and ý, never the soft i or í
Soft consonants:	all consonant letters with the háček: ť, ď, ň, š, ž, ř, č, and c and j. they are followed by the soft i or í, and never followed by y or ý.     [If these soft consonants are followed by the ee (bee, see) sound, the sound must be spelled with an i or í.     Words with i or í in their root are in the vast majority.     dívat (look); ticho (quiet); ničitel (corrupter); živý ( living, alive); šíti (to sew);     číslo (number); řízek (chop, steak); cizinec (stranger; foreigner); jiskra (spark)]
Neutral consonants:	p, b, m, f, v, s, z, and l. They are followed by i and í in some words and y and ý in others.
Diphthongs:	eu, au, ou
Plosive consonants
Fricative consonants
Affricate Consonants
Nasal Sounds

hard masculine nouns end in a hard or neutral consonant
hard feminine nousn end in -a
hard neuter nouns end in -o

These consonants have about the same sound as in English:
b, d, f, h, l, m, n, p, r, s, v, and z.

The consonants b, d, h, v, and z have different sound when they appear at the end of a syllable or at the end of a word. The
d sounds like t;
h like th;
b like p;
z like s; and
v like an f.

1 syllable		2 or more sylabbles
dub (oak)	dup	pohadká (fairy tale)	pohatká
vůz (wagon)	vůs	kolébka (cradle)	kolépka
hřev	hřef	poukázka (assignment)	poukáska
rád (glad)	rát	hlávka ( zelí cabbage-head )	hláfka
pluh (plough )	pluth	vlhko (moisture, humidity )	vlthko

Some consonants fall into a special category because they do not have exact Eglish equivalents:
ch - as in loch or the German "Bach" ( best to be de onstrated to be heard correctly). ucho, chystatí, chyba, chřipka.
g - as in gun, got. granát, groš, guma.
k - as in cafe, cat. kočka, kůň.
c - like ts in mats, bats. cesta, cena, cizí.
č - like ch in chair, church, člen, člověk, čest.
j - like y in yet, yam, jelen, jemný, jed
š - like sh in shoot, shirt. škoda, škola, šindel.
ž - like the s in measure, pleasure, žertovali, žalidek, žárovka.
ř - very hard for non-Czechs to say because there is no English equivalent.
  Remotely resemble rsh. It must be learned from someone who speaks Czech. čtenář, řád, Řecko.