vedle + gen. = next to
4th case - accusative case
mezi (motion) = between, among - - -Spadl mezi židle.
mimo - out of, besides, in addition to , except; Bydlím mimo Paju. [ I live out of Prague.]
nad + acc: motion = over, above
na - on, to (only when indicating motion/direction); Jdu na poštu. [Na governs two cases: in accustive, 4th case, na is used when indicating direction: in the locative case, the 6th case, na is used when indicating position.]
o - only with certain verbs ?????? like prosit - o něco = to beg or ask for a thing;
zadat o nico to demand a thing or to ask for a thing; Prosím o laskavou odpověď. {I ask for a kind reply; Please, kindly reply.}
po - up to, during, after
pod +acc. motion - under, underneath, below, beneath
před - in front of, before
pro - for, on account of: Dělám to pro bratra. Pro koho jste to koupila>
přes - across, over, by way of; Šli jsme přes řeku.
při - at, on, near, close to, with
skrz - through
v, ve - on, at (name of day of hour)
za + acc. - in, after, for (value), during, behind
motion: - - - Běží za strom.
for (payment, exchange) - - - Koupil to za pět korun.
in (at the end of a certain time) - - - Přijde za hodinu.
nad - over, above
koho, co after a preposition indicates that it takes the accusative case.
v + day of the week - on a certain day of the week
na koho, co = at, to (use with verbs)
pro koho, co = for
loc. - 6th case
v - in or within - inside something [ v kavárně, v kině ] [v hnědých botách - in his brown boots ] [ ve škole, v divadle at school, at the theatre ]
míti dvě želízka v ohni = to have two irons in the fire
{
Preposition - v
- in (inside, for an enclosed space) (followed by the locative case)
On je v divadle. -- He is in the theater.
- at (indicating time) (followed by the accusative case)
V šest hodin. -- At six o’clock.
- on (indicating a day) (followed by the accusative case)
V pátek. -- On Friday.
- in (indicating a year) (followed by the locative case)
V roce 2007. -- In the year 2007.
in (indicating a month) (followed by the locative case)
V lednu. -- In January.
Synonyms - ve
Usage notes
The more usual form is v, while ve is used before words starting with f, v, w and certain consonant clusters
v autě / autu, v blízkosti, v dešti, v divadle, ve dne v noci v domě, v kavárně, v kině, v knize, v koleji, v lese, v pět hodin, v Praze, v studentovi, v stromu, v sedm hodin, v zásuvce - in a drawer
,V televizi je dnes večer zajímavý film., kniha je v mém pokoji,
in (ve + words beginning with two consonants; the e in ve is used after certain consonants in order to facilitate pronuciation. e.g., ve škole)
LOCATIVE
ve dvě hodiny, ve tři hodiny,
ve čtvrtek, ve chlebě, ve sklepě - in the cellar, ve stole, ve škole, ve středu, ve třídě, ve třetím poschodí, ve válce, ve vodě, ve voze, ve dne v noci, When, however, "in" indicates position, }
na - in or within - with a few nouns [na Slovensku, na Moravě ]
na - on - location on a surface [ na stole, no Havaji ][Na governs two cases: in accustive, 4th case, na is used when indicating direction: in the locative case, the 6th case, na is used when indicating position.]
na - in or at - events [na koncertě ]
The preposition po combines with the locative case to mean "around" or "after" [po městě, po koncertě]
- Procházime se po městě - We are taking a walk around the city.
- Cestujeme po Čechách. - We are traveling around Bohemia (Čechy).
- Máš po koncertě volno? - Do you have some free time after the concert?
The preposition o combines with the locative case to mean "about". [o Karlu Čapkovi ]
- O kom mluvíte? - Whom are you talking about?
- Nemluvíme o nikom. - We aren't talking about anyone.
- O čem píšete? - What are you writing about
- O Moravě. - (About ) Moravia.
Inst. - 7th case
chodit s +ins. = go out with
mezi + ins. = between, among: between {whom? what?}: Stojí mezi odnem a stolem; among: Stojí mezi nimi. [mezi kým? mezi čím?]
nad = above, over {whom? what?} [nad kým? nad čím?]
pod = under, below
Pod stromem leželo mnoho jablek.
Deěvčátko sedělo pod stolem a hrělo si.
před + ins. = in front of, before, ago
before - - - Bydlel tu před válkou.
... ago .. - - - přijel před pěti lety.
in front of - - - Čeká před domem.
s +ins. = with (se before awkward consonant groups s and z)
Nechceš jít s námi? - Do you want to go with us?
Jdeš do kina s Bedřichem nebo s Alenou? S ním nebo s ní?
žemle se šunkou = ham-roll
za + ins. = behind, beyond - - - Sedí za stromem.